Adventist health study iis

Further studies are required to define more precisely optimal sustainable healthy diets taking into account the 4 pillars underlying these diets for different populations and to ensure that diets are accessible to people in LMICs as well as in HICs. This article was based on discussions held during a workshop dedicated to healthy and sustainable diets, during which PVV, OG, JH, and SD presented background information and all authors discussed key concepts and identified the need to compare the different types of plant-based diets in terms of health and nutrition, affordability and accessibility, cultural acceptability, and the environment.

Tables were provided by RM and SD. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript, and read and approved the final manuscript. Author disclosures: OG is a member of the board of Danone Institute International, a nonprofit organization.

She has also received an honorarium from Danone Institute International for presenting at an international meeting and support for attending meetings from Health Canada, Danone Institute International, and the Canadian Nutrition Society. He also reports payments or small honoraria for public presentations, manuscript writing, or educational events from Danone Institute International. Perspective articles allow authors to take a position on a topic of current major importance or controversy in the field of nutrition.

As such, these articles could include statements based on author opinions or point of view. Opinions expressed in Perspective articles are those of the author and are not attributable to the funder s or the sponsor s or the publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of Advances in Nutrition.

Individuals with different positions on the topic of a Perspective are invited to submit their comments in the form of a Perspectives article or in a Letter to the Editor. Adv Nutr. Published online Nov Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Address correspondence to LAM e-mail: se. For commercial re-use, please contact moc. This article has been corrected. See Adv Nutr. ABSTRACT The global adoption of predominantly plant-based, sustainable, healthy diets will help reduce the risk of obesity- and malnutrition-related noncommunicable diseases while protecting the future health of our planet.

Keywords: sustainable healthy diets, flexitarian, territorial diversified diet, plant-based diets, vegan, vegetarian, environment. Introduction What we eat has a major impact on our health and the health of our planet. Diet Definition Benefits Limitations Suitable for? Western-style diet Omnivorous diet 2 that typically includes high intakes of animal-sourced foods, highly processed foods and lower-than-recommended intakes of plant-sourced foods 2 Affordable and easily accessible in HICs; increasingly accessible in LMICs.

May be more acceptable and easier to maintain for people switching from Western diets to sustainable healthy diets in HICs. Might not be appropriate for certain populations due to religious, cultural, or ethical beliefs or for people with food e. Environmental impact may be reduced compared with some flexitarian diets due to the inclusion of large quantities of seasonal, locally sourced foods. People wishing to transition from a Western diet to a sustainable healthy diet, who might struggle to maintain a vegan diet or have religious, cultural, or ethical beliefs that exclude flexitarian diets.

Open in a separate window. Limitations of plant-based diets Human health depends on the consumption of a wide range of macronutrients and micronutrients, some of which may be difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities from plant sources alone 54 , Because the recommended nutrient intakes differ by age and sex, population-level average values were calculated using the age and sex structure based on data from the Global Burden of Disease project and forward projections by the UN Population Division.

Estimates of recommended energy intake account for the age- and sex-specific energy needs for a moderately active population with US height as an upper bound and include the energy costs of pregnancy and lactation. Infants The WHO advises that infants should be breastfed exclusively for the first 6 mo of life and alongside complementary food ideally until 2 y of age Children and adolescents Infants, children, and especially adolescents who experience rapid growth at puberty require more energy and nutrients per kilogram of body weight than adults to ensure normal growth rate and development of neural, endocrine, and immunological systems , Pregnancy Compared with Western diets, plant-based diets in HICs are associated with a reduced risk of excess maternal weight gain during pregnancy and lower rates of pre-eclampsia — and gestational diabetes 92—94 , Older adults Compared with Western diets, plant-based diets have been associated with improved physical fitness and cognition among elderly populations, and increased longevity — Food production The global consumption of red meat is projected to increase from approximately million metric tons MMT in to more than MMT by Food losses and waste Food losses food lost during production and food waste food produced but not used have a major impact on the environment , Affordability and accessibility Accessibility and affordability of nutritious diets vary between countries.

Acceptability The acceptability of different foods depends on nutritional and environmental factors as well as functionality convenience, availability, packaging, durability , socialization family, friends, habits , sensory attributes taste and texture , culture traditions, religions , and context place, time, and company References 1.

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The Church emphasizes that alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and all forms of narcotics drugs are harmful to the body and strongly encourage its members to abstain from them. For vibrant living, the Seventh-day Adventist church urges everyone to follow a lifestyle that avoids tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, and the misuse of drugs. The study employed descriptive research design using structured survey instrument for data gathering.

A sample population of was drawn from the church. The result showed that

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