Juniper networks spine leaf network diagram example

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How do you build a spine-leaf architecture? We will explain what a spine-leaf architecture is and how to design one. The spine-leaf architecture consists of only two layers of switches: spine and leaf switches.

The spine layer consists of switches that perform routing and work as the core of the network. The leaf layer involves access switches that connect to servers, storage devices, and other end-users. This structure helps data center networks reduce hop count and reduce network latency.

In the spine-leaf architecture, each leaf switch is connected to each spine switch. With this design, any server can communicate with any other server, and there is no more than one interconnected switch path between any two leaf switches.

The spine-leaf architecture has become a popular data center architecture, bringing many advantages to the data center , such as scalability, network performance, etc. The benefits of spine-leaf architecture in modern networks are summarized here in three points. Increased redundancy: The spine-leaf architecture connects the servers with the core network, and has higher flexibility in hyper-scale data centers.

In this case, the leaf switch can be deployed as a bridge between the server and the core network. Each leaf switch connects to all spine switches, which creates a large non-blocking fabric, increasing the level of redundancy and reducing traffic bottlenecks. Performance enhancement: The spine-leaf architecture can effectively avoid traffic congestion by applying protocols or techniques such as transparent interconnection of multiple links TRILL and shortest path bridging SPB.

The spine-leaf architecture can be Layer 2 or Layer 3, so uplinks can be added to the spine switch to expand inter-layer bandwidth and reduce oversubscription to secure network stability. Scalability: The spine-leaf architecture has multiple links that can carry traffic. The addition of switches will improve scalability and help enterprises to expand their business later. The main difference between spine-leaf architecture and 3-tier architecture lies in the number of network layers, and the traffic they transform is north-south or east-west traffic.

As shown in the following figure, the traditional three-tier network architecture consists of three layers: core, aggregation and access. The access switches are connected to servers and storage devices, the aggregation layer aggregates the access layer traffic, provides redundant connections at the access layer, and the core layer provides network transmission.

But this three-layer topology is usually designed for north-south traffic and uses the STP protocol, supporting up to switches. In the case of continuous expansion of network data, this will inevitably result in port blockage and limited scalability. The access layer can connect to two or more spine devices and forward traffic using all of the links. If an access link or spine device fails, traffic flows from the access layer toward the spine layer using the remaining active links.

For traffic in the other direction, remote spine devices update their forwarding tables to send traffic to the remaining active spine devices connected to the multihomed Ethernet segment. This architecture uses VXLAN as the overlay data plane encapsulation protocol on the collapsed spine switches. In a single data center deployment with two spine switches, the VXLAN overlay between the spine switches is used for traffic between the two devices.

For example, if there is a single-homed server connected to one of the spine devices, the VXLAN overlay carries the traffic to the other spine device either by design or in the case of a link failure.

The spine switches establish IBGP sessions between each other. Figure 4 shows the topology of the overlay network. In smaller data centers there is no super spine layer so the spine switches are directly connected to each other. The spine switches can use a dynamic routing protocol in the underlay. The primary requirement in the underlay network is that all spine devices have loopback reachability. You can use any Layer 3 routing protocol to exchange loopback addresses between the core and spine devices.

In this example, we use EBGP as the underlay routing protocol between the spine switches. EBGP provides benefits like better prefix filtering, traffic engineering, and traffic tagging. Figure 5 shows the topology of the spine underlay network. Use at least two links between the spine switches. Loss of connectivity between the spine switches could lead to a split-brain state. In this example, the ToR switches are deployed as a two-member Virtual Chassis. Figure 6 shows the topology of a Virtual Chassis as a ToR device that is multihomed to the two spine devices.

For redundancy and better resiliency, this figure shows spine to ToR Virtual Chassis connections that link to different Virtual Chassis members, so the Virtual Chassis ToR device is still reachable even if one of the Virtual Chassis members goes down.

The spine to ToR Virtual Chassis connections in the multihoming aggregated Ethernet links can also include links to the same Virtual Chassis member, which is how this network configuration example is configured.

Figure 7 shows a logical view of the multihoming topology that matches the configuration in this document. In this example, we implement the ToR switches in a Virtual Chassis. Virtual Chassis can interconnect multiple standalone switches into one logical device and manage the logical device as a single chassis. Use Virtual Chassis for the ToR switches to:. Manage multiple devices as a single device with the same or similar capabilities as the standalone device. Flatten your network and reduce networking overhead by allowing network devices to synchronize to one resilient logical device.

Enable a simplified Layer 2 network topology that minimizes or eliminates the need for loop prevention protocols such as Spanning Tree Protocol STP. Provide redundancy and load sharing for servers that are multihomed across the Virtual Chassis members.

Virtual Chassis provides a single control plane and distributed data plane for simplified management at the ToR layer. The ToR switches behave like line cards on a single chassis. Because the Virtual Chassis behaves like a single chassis, servers connected to the Virtual Chassis might experience downtime during software upgrades of the ToR switches. The data center servers in this example are multihomed to the ToR switches that are deployed as a Virtual Chassis.

In this example, we are deploying SRX security devices in a chassis cluster that is connected to the spine devices to provide advanced security. In a chassis cluster, two SRX Series devices operate as a single device to provide device, interface, and service-level redundancy.

Configuration files and the dynamic runtime session states are synchronized between SRX Series devices in a chassis cluster. Use an SRX chassis cluster to:. Provide high availability between security devices when connecting branch and remote site links to larger corporate offices.

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